"The United States is practically sovereign on this continent... It is not because of the pure friendship or good will felt for it. It is not simply by reason of its high character as a civilized state, nor because wisdom, justice, and equity are invariable characteristics of the dealings of the United States. It is because... its infinite resources combined with its isolated position render it master of the situation and practically invulnerable against any and all other powers".
Sec. of State Richard Olney
You are responsible for the following
Terms and Names:
Imperialism, Alfred T. Mahan, William Seward, Pearl Harbor, Sanford B. Dole, Jose Marti,
Yellow Journalism, Valeriano Weyler, USS Maine, George Dewey, Rough Riders, San Juan Hill,
Treaty of Paris, Foraker Act, Platt Amendment, Protectorate, Emilio Aguinaldo, John Hay,
Open Door Policy, Boxer Rebellion, Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary, Dollar Diplomacy,
Francisco "Pancho" Villa, Emiliano Zapata, John J. Pershing, Abolish, Annex, Capitalist, Filipino,
In Exile, Isthmus, Occupation, Oppressive, Recognize, Territory, Moral
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eEKM-WF-nTY38KxFIjl7kX1Vlj9_t-i5gpmKUv1GynE/edit?usp=sharing
Main Ideas:
1. Give evidence of American support for Imperialism for the following
A. Desire for military strength
B. Thirst for new economic markets
C. Belief in the superiority of the American culture
2. What benefits did countries get from practicing imperialism?
3. What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 and how was it crushed?
4. Why did the American public call for war against Spain and how did the US protect its interest in
Cuba?
5. How did the Roosevelt Corollary lead to Dollar Diplomacy?
6. Was the United States invasion of Mexico justified? Explain.
Thinking Critically:
1. Which of Admiral Mahan's goals for becoming a world power do you consider most important? Why?
2. Do you think it was right for the United States to get involved in the affairs of Central American
countries (Columbia, Nicaragua, and Mexico)? Discuss your reasoning.
Terms and Names:
Imperialism, Alfred T. Mahan, William Seward, Pearl Harbor, Sanford B. Dole, Jose Marti,
Yellow Journalism, Valeriano Weyler, USS Maine, George Dewey, Rough Riders, San Juan Hill,
Treaty of Paris, Foraker Act, Platt Amendment, Protectorate, Emilio Aguinaldo, John Hay,
Open Door Policy, Boxer Rebellion, Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary, Dollar Diplomacy,
Francisco "Pancho" Villa, Emiliano Zapata, John J. Pershing, Abolish, Annex, Capitalist, Filipino,
In Exile, Isthmus, Occupation, Oppressive, Recognize, Territory, Moral
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eEKM-WF-nTY38KxFIjl7kX1Vlj9_t-i5gpmKUv1GynE/edit?usp=sharing
Main Ideas:
1. Give evidence of American support for Imperialism for the following
A. Desire for military strength
B. Thirst for new economic markets
C. Belief in the superiority of the American culture
2. What benefits did countries get from practicing imperialism?
3. What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 and how was it crushed?
4. Why did the American public call for war against Spain and how did the US protect its interest in
Cuba?
5. How did the Roosevelt Corollary lead to Dollar Diplomacy?
6. Was the United States invasion of Mexico justified? Explain.
Thinking Critically:
1. Which of Admiral Mahan's goals for becoming a world power do you consider most important? Why?
2. Do you think it was right for the United States to get involved in the affairs of Central American
countries (Columbia, Nicaragua, and Mexico)? Discuss your reasoning.
The “Five Ds” of Foreign Policy
Destiny, Dollars, Diplomacy, Democracy, Darwinism
Objectives:
1. Analyze the role that the press and interest groups play in foreign policy decisions
2. Introduce three historiographical perspectives for interpreting American foreign policy—moralistic/legalistic, realpolitik,
economic interest
3. Analyze the implications of the Treaty of Paris, 1898
Questions:
What was the background of American involvement in Cuba in the 19th century?
What was the significance of the Cuba Libre movement?
What policies did Valeriano Weyler implement to deal with the Cuban revolution?
What role did the “yellow press” play in shaping public opinion?
What was the significance of the de Lome letter?
To what extent were economic factors involved in America’s decision to wage war?
According to President McKinley’s “War Message,” why should Congress declare war?
Is the “War Message” accurate when describing the sinking of the Maine?
What was the United States’ strategic plan for winning the war?
What was the significance of Commodore Dewey’s victory at Manila?
What role did Theodore Roosevelt play in the war?
What role did the Buffalo Soldiers play in the war?
What was the Teller Amendment?
What role did Emilio Aguinaldo play in the war?
What role did Maximo Gomez play in the war?
What were the major features of the Treaty of Paris in 1898?
How were Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Filipinos depicted in political cartoons?
What was the anti-imperialist argument in opposition to the treaty?What military reforms did Secretary of War Elihu Root
enact as a part of the war?
Lesson 2: Latin American Foreign Policy During the Progressive Era
Look up the lyrics for the following "Patriotic" songs....
1. Stars and Stripes Forever
2. Your a Grand Ole Flag
We'll begin with John Philip Sousa’s “Stars and Stripes Forever,” which brilliantly captures the aggressive spirit of the age and end with "Your a Grand Ole Flag... How do these two songs of the age, demonstrate patriotism and its extreme form jingoism.
Objectives:
Questions:
Closure:
The Progressive presidents—Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson—established precedents that would define hemispheric relations for much of the twentieth century. Combining idealism, national security interests, and markets, the United States became intricately involved in the development of Central and South America. Through military intervention, support for authoritarian governments, and economic penetration (e.g. United Fruit Company), much of the goodwill engendered by American idealism would be squandered over the course of the 20th century. To what extent would this pattern be duplicated in Asian foreign policy?
Lesson Three: Asian Foreign Policy, c. 1898-1917
In 1898 Filipinos welcomed the United States as a liberator supporting their right to independence. In 1899 Emilio Aguinaldo led his guerrillas into the mountains to wage one of the most violent wars that Americans had ever faced. How did this situation come to pass?
Objectives:
Questions:
Essay Questions:
Closure:
America has began to exercise her dominance in her backyard and in the Pacific.... As we transition, remember things have changed... We've outgrown the Monroe Doctrine and we vision ourselves as an eminent power in world affairs. A great world conflict is just around the corner that will test the resolve and fortitude of the human race.
Destiny, Dollars, Diplomacy, Democracy, Darwinism
Objectives:
1. Analyze the role that the press and interest groups play in foreign policy decisions
2. Introduce three historiographical perspectives for interpreting American foreign policy—moralistic/legalistic, realpolitik,
economic interest
3. Analyze the implications of the Treaty of Paris, 1898
Questions:
What was the background of American involvement in Cuba in the 19th century?
What was the significance of the Cuba Libre movement?
What policies did Valeriano Weyler implement to deal with the Cuban revolution?
What role did the “yellow press” play in shaping public opinion?
What was the significance of the de Lome letter?
To what extent were economic factors involved in America’s decision to wage war?
According to President McKinley’s “War Message,” why should Congress declare war?
Is the “War Message” accurate when describing the sinking of the Maine?
What was the United States’ strategic plan for winning the war?
What was the significance of Commodore Dewey’s victory at Manila?
What role did Theodore Roosevelt play in the war?
What role did the Buffalo Soldiers play in the war?
What was the Teller Amendment?
What role did Emilio Aguinaldo play in the war?
What role did Maximo Gomez play in the war?
What were the major features of the Treaty of Paris in 1898?
How were Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Filipinos depicted in political cartoons?
What was the anti-imperialist argument in opposition to the treaty?What military reforms did Secretary of War Elihu Root
enact as a part of the war?
Lesson 2: Latin American Foreign Policy During the Progressive Era
Look up the lyrics for the following "Patriotic" songs....
1. Stars and Stripes Forever
2. Your a Grand Ole Flag
We'll begin with John Philip Sousa’s “Stars and Stripes Forever,” which brilliantly captures the aggressive spirit of the age and end with "Your a Grand Ole Flag... How do these two songs of the age, demonstrate patriotism and its extreme form jingoism.
Objectives:
- to identify the immediate and long-range consequences of the Platt Amendment and the Roosevelt Corollary
- to develop the complex situation surrounding the Panamanian revolt and the construction of the Panama Canal
- to trace the impact of Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy in Central and South America
- to discuss the principles surrounding Wilsonian idealism, especially as it related to relations with Mexico
- to continue to develop multiple perspectives relative to American foreign policy decisions
Questions:
- How did the Foraker and Jones Acts resolve the status of Puerto Rico relative to the United States?
- What were the features of the Platt Amendment?
- How did Roosevelt justify the Roosevelt Corollary?
- How did the Cubans under Maximo Gomez respond to the American position?
- How did Roosevelt and Hay remove England from discussions about a transoceanic canal?
- What was the Columbian Senate’s position relative to the Hay-Herran Treaty?
- What role did Roosevelt and Buana-Varilla play in the Panamanian revolt, according to Morris in Theodore Rex?
- What were the provisions of the Hay-Buana-Varilla Treaty?
- How did the foreign policy of Taft and his Secretary of State, Philander Knox, differ from Roosevelt and Hay’s?
- How did Wilson’s foreign policy in Mexico affect American business interests?
- Why did Wilson order General Pershing to cross the Mexican border?
- How do political cartoonists view Roosevelt’s foreign policy?
- How does music of the period reflect a patriotic spirit?
Closure:
The Progressive presidents—Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson—established precedents that would define hemispheric relations for much of the twentieth century. Combining idealism, national security interests, and markets, the United States became intricately involved in the development of Central and South America. Through military intervention, support for authoritarian governments, and economic penetration (e.g. United Fruit Company), much of the goodwill engendered by American idealism would be squandered over the course of the 20th century. To what extent would this pattern be duplicated in Asian foreign policy?
Lesson Three: Asian Foreign Policy, c. 1898-1917
In 1898 Filipinos welcomed the United States as a liberator supporting their right to independence. In 1899 Emilio Aguinaldo led his guerrillas into the mountains to wage one of the most violent wars that Americans had ever faced. How did this situation come to pass?
Objectives:
- To identify the immediate and long-range consequences of the Open Door policy for American-Chinese relations in the 20th century
- To discuss the emerging role of Japan as a regional power
- To identify Roosevelt’s foreign policy relative to Japan
- To compare the American and Filipino positions relative to the “Bolo War”
Questions:
- What led John Hay to issue the Open Door Notes?
- What role did America play in the Boxer Rebellion?
- What role did missionaries, economic interests, and support for republican forces in China play in developing American foreign policy?
- What role did Roosevelt play in the Russo-Japanese War?
- What was the “Gentlemen’s Agreement” that Roosevelt negotiated with Japan?
- How did Korea factor in diplomatic negotiations with Japan?
- How did President McKinley justify his decision relative to the Philippines?
- Who were the members of the Anti-Imperialist League and upon what basis did they form their opposition?
- What sparked the Filipino insurrection, led by Emilio Aguinaldo?How did the tactics and policies of the Americans during the war compare to both the Spanish actions in Cuba and American actions later in Vietnam?
- What role did Frederick Funston, Arthur MacArthur, William Taft, and “Hell Roaring” Jake Smith play in the Filipino crisis?
- After the surrender of Aguinaldo, what were the key features of American policies in the Philippines?
Essay Questions:
- To what extent did domestic events in the 1890s shape foreign policy?
- Compare and contrast the Latin American and Asian foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt.
- What were the long-term consequences of America’s Latin American policies?
- To what extent did American foreign policy from 1890-1917 remain consistent with its republican principles?
- Evaluate the relative importance of the various factors leading to the Spanish-American War.
- What role did Social Darwinism, race, and religion play in American foreign policy from 1890-1917?
- Compare and contrast the “Big Stick” diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt with Woodrow Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy.”
Closure:
America has began to exercise her dominance in her backyard and in the Pacific.... As we transition, remember things have changed... We've outgrown the Monroe Doctrine and we vision ourselves as an eminent power in world affairs. A great world conflict is just around the corner that will test the resolve and fortitude of the human race.