It was evident that the moral fiber of America was changing and the nation was in itself, on the verge of losing its moral integrity. Many Americans remained hopeful that the country could be redeemed and took an active role in conforming America's society on many fronts.
Religious Reformers:
ID the following:
United Society of Believers in Christ's 2nd Coming.... aka The Shakers
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Ezra Stiles Ely... Society for Supporting the Gospel
Charles Grandison Finney...
Benevolent societies
Wage Dependency and Labor Protest:
In an effort to save production cost, master craftsmen had subdivided the production process into small tasks where outworkers would be paid for piece wages. Employers relied more on apprentices or poorly trained helpers, who worked more cheaply than journeymen. As a result, work was subdivided, workers became more interchangeable, and livable wages became more difficult.
Neighborhoods quickly became subdivided by class, high rent forced whole working families into single unventilated rooms and the homeless lived on the streets or threw up shanties.
ID: Labor Unions, Strike, Collective Bargaining, Lock out, Urban Middle Class, Immigration (1820's-1840's), Nativism, Old/New Immigrants
Self Reform and Social Regulation:
Personal Enterprise.. The Self Made Man... Patient and diligent labor. Those who work hard, industrious, clever, frugal would succeed. A self culture where a man and even a woman's worth was defined by their character and their ability to be successful in a difficult world.
Transcendentalist/Transcendentalism (Ralph W. Emerson, Margaret Fuller) believed in the power of the independent mind not only to understand the material environment, but also to achieve a spiritual wholeness with the world. Self Improvement was often cultivated only for immediate material gain.
ID: Temperance Movement, Drunkards Progression, Common School Movement, Horace Mann, Prison Reform, Treatment of the Mentally Ill, Dorothea Dix, Women' s Rights Movement (Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments, Women's Suffrage)
Review Questions:
1. How did the free labor ideal account for income inequality?
2. Why were women especially prominent in many 19th century reform efforts?
Religious Reformers:
ID the following:
United Society of Believers in Christ's 2nd Coming.... aka The Shakers
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Ezra Stiles Ely... Society for Supporting the Gospel
Charles Grandison Finney...
Benevolent societies
Wage Dependency and Labor Protest:
In an effort to save production cost, master craftsmen had subdivided the production process into small tasks where outworkers would be paid for piece wages. Employers relied more on apprentices or poorly trained helpers, who worked more cheaply than journeymen. As a result, work was subdivided, workers became more interchangeable, and livable wages became more difficult.
Neighborhoods quickly became subdivided by class, high rent forced whole working families into single unventilated rooms and the homeless lived on the streets or threw up shanties.
ID: Labor Unions, Strike, Collective Bargaining, Lock out, Urban Middle Class, Immigration (1820's-1840's), Nativism, Old/New Immigrants
Self Reform and Social Regulation:
Personal Enterprise.. The Self Made Man... Patient and diligent labor. Those who work hard, industrious, clever, frugal would succeed. A self culture where a man and even a woman's worth was defined by their character and their ability to be successful in a difficult world.
Transcendentalist/Transcendentalism (Ralph W. Emerson, Margaret Fuller) believed in the power of the independent mind not only to understand the material environment, but also to achieve a spiritual wholeness with the world. Self Improvement was often cultivated only for immediate material gain.
ID: Temperance Movement, Drunkards Progression, Common School Movement, Horace Mann, Prison Reform, Treatment of the Mentally Ill, Dorothea Dix, Women' s Rights Movement (Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments, Women's Suffrage)
Review Questions:
1. How did the free labor ideal account for income inequality?
2. Why were women especially prominent in many 19th century reform efforts?